Ancient+Egypt

=**ANCIENT EGYPT.**=

__// Pharaohs: //__
Egypt is ruled by a pharaoh. As well as being king, the people think he is god. he has complete power over his people and owns most of the land in Egypt. the Pharaoh has many palaces around the country.

Very few ordinary people ever see the pharaoh. You will have to follow the orders of the local nobles who control you village. They have to report to officials who work for the pharaoh. theses people collect the taxes and supervise the great building projects. This allows the pharaoh to make sure his orders are followed. The word Pharaoh comes from the egyption meaning great house and originally referred to the palace rather then the king himself. the pharaoh is also constanly referred to as being the lord of the two lands. in early times people of egypt were gathered in the north and south and the unification of theses two geographical regions under one pharaoh became a primary event in anicent egyptian history. although a new capital was established at memphis there continued to be a northern and southern center of government administration and throughout anicent egyptian history there is evidence of a deep seated awareness that the one nation had been formed out of the two lands.

There are no refrigerators in ancient egypt. People have to make fresh food every day, they can bring things they have grown themselves to the market to swap or barter for other goods. They eat freshly baked bread nearly every day it taste gritty because the flour is ground on a stone mill. along with your bread you may have some vegetables or fruit such as figs or melon, people also eat fish caught in the nile. your meal will be washed down with a drink that is made from barley. This drink is so lumpy that you have to drink it through a wooden strainer.

__Gods And Godesses Wordsearch:) Good Luck!__


=__Now try the Quiz!__=

=__Gods & Godesses.__= //there are many Gods and Godesses// and they are very interesting to learn about. here are some gods you might know.
 * Osiris-** //Osiris was the god of dead and ruler of the underworld. Osiris was the brother/husband of Isis and the brother of Nepthy and Seth. he was also the father of Horus. aswell as being the god of the dead Osiris was a god of resurrection and fertility. in fact the ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris gave them a gift of barley one of there most important crops//**.**//a large temple was built to honor Osiris at abydos.//

====**Hathor-** //was a protective goddess, she was also the goddess of love and joy.hathor was the wife of Horus, and was sometimes thought of as the mother of the pharaoh// hathor was connected with foreign places and materials. for instance, hathor was the goddess of the desert and the turquoise mines in the sinai.==== a large temple was built to honor hathor at dendera.

====//**Bes-** was the protector of pregnant women, newborn babies and family's, the ancient Egyptians also believed that bes protected against snake and scorpion bites. Amulets of bes were popular at all levels of Egyptian society.//====

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**// Irrigation and Society //** The ancient Egyptian civilisation developing in the Nile valley depended on an irrigation system (irrigation is like the growth of agriculture and such), that needed a complex and political and administrative system to run it effectively. From 3100 BC Egypt was united under a single ruler, or pharaoh, who was treated as a god. There were many officials including administrators and priests. The workers were at the bottom of society. The tombs of the rulers contain many carvings and paintings showing scenes of everyday life, including fields being ploughed with pairs of oxen. **// Pyramids //** The Egyptians believed in life after death, embalmed their dead and built elaborate tombs for their rulers. Sometimes these were artificial caves cut into the side of a valley, sometimes in pits covered by square single-storey buildings called mastabas. Later, to make the monument more imposing, a step pyramid was built, which in effect was a multiple storey mastabas. The final development was the true pyramid, with smoothly sloping sides. **// Pharaohs //** The ruler best known to us is the boy king Tutankhamun, because his tomb survived un-robbed until it was discovered in 1920, complete with his magnificent gold mask. Tutankhamun was a minor pharaoh, murdered when he was only 18. Amenhotep, later named Akhenaten, the father of Tutankhamun was the oddest pharaoh, who worshipped the sun-god Ra and the sun in the sky, Aten. Akhenaten tried to convert Egypt, a culture of many gods, to the worship of a single god, but when he died, his son brought back all its old gods back into their culture. The most famous female ruler of Egypt was Cleopatra (69 BC – 30 BC). Her reign came when the civilization was in decline, its power taken by Rome. She had a romantic affiliation with Julius Caesar in order to hold a tighter grip on the throne and after his assassination with Mark Antony, but in the end both committed suicide due to the lost battle, thus Egypt being conquered by Rome. **// Ancient Egyptian Religion //** The Egyptians believed the world began as a watery chaos and created by gods of air and water, Shu and Tefnut, who had a daughter, the sky goddess Nut, and a son, the earth god Geb. Nut and Geb became man and wife. There were many gods, one of the oldest was Osiris, mythical first king of Two Lands (Upper and Lower Egypt) and king of the dead. The jackal-headed Anubis was the protector of the cemeteries and weigher of the human heart at the Last Judgement. Horus was the falcon-headed sky-god and personification of earthly kingship: the pharaohs were said to sit on the throne of Horus. Ptah was the patron of architects and sculptors: his wife Sekhmet was the lion-headed goddess of war and plague. The goddess Ma’at personified truth and divine order. The Egyptians believed in life after death, mummifying their kings and princes and often providing them with funeral boats so that they could travel to the next world.

//By Mei, Steph and Karly//